So far, we have discussed the basic electronic components, and power supply circuits. We have touched on filters, but not discussed them in detail. No course on electronics would be complete without a thorough understanding of filters, how they work, and how to recognize them when you see them.

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Before going into the specifics of how a Klystron tube works, we must first understand it’s basic parts. Which reminds me of a story….

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Thomas Edison, famous (at least in America), for inventing the light bulb, made many discoveries before he completed his task of lighting the path of the world. Along the way, he incidentally noted that if a filament were energised within a vacuum, that after time, a “shadow” would be left on the inside of the glass, which resembled the shape of the filament.

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Sounds like a great title for a science fiction novel, doesn’t it? Well, perhaps another time. But now we are going to discuss some of the intricacies and dangers of klystrons.

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Another important factor when dealing with klystrons is heat. Not all of the developed in the cathode becomes radiated output. Much of the energy is dissipated as heat. If the tube gets too hot, it can become a hazard to itself. Temperature sensors are placed in various places to shut down the tube in the event of overheating.

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We defined POWER as the RATE of doing work. The actual work or capacity to do work is called ENERGY. Energy can be Kinetic (dynamic), Potential (static), or Radiant (electromagnetic) in nature.

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an overview or introduction of the basics of the superhet or superheterodyne radio receiver.
One of the most common forms of radio receiver is the superhet or superheterodyne radio receiver.

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a brief overview and video showing how ham radio, or amateur radio can be used to provide emergency communications in times of disaster.

Although ham radio is primarily a pastime, amateur radio operators have often provided emergency communications when a disaster has struck somewhere.

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…S…
GPS was developed by the United States Department of Defense.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use.

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… Most diodes look similar to a resistor and always have a painted line on one end showing the direction or flow (white side is the indication for negative)…
Most often when a person who has very little knowledge about electronics first looks at a circuit board full of components he or she becomes confused by the different strange looking objects as well as the diverse drawings on the board.

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